Country and regional insights

Carbon emissions decline between 25% and 95% as the energy system electrifies and renewable energy grows strongly

The energy system continues to decarbonize, with the share of primary energy consumption from renewables increasing four-fold by 2050 compared to 2022 in Current Trajectory, and six-fold in Net Zero

Energy demand growth depends on the pace of the energy transition, with demand growing to 2050 in Current Trajectory but declining in Net Zero. Under both scenarios, the energy system electrifies

Europe's energy system decarbonizes rapidly, with carbon emissions falling 75% in Current Trajectory and turning slightly negative in Net Zero

Brazil’s primary energy consumption grows by 25% to 2050 in Current Trajectory but remains broadly stable in Net Zero; renewables become the dominant energy source by 2050

China’s consumption of renewables more than triples by 2050 in Current Trajectory and Net Zero; renewables account for over 60% of primary energy demand in Net Zero by 2050

In both scenarios, primary energy growth is led by renewables. This growth is underpinned by increasing population, industrialization and prosperity. Coal remains India’s energy backbone in Current Trajectory

In Current Trajectory and Net Zero, primary energy consumption falls by 19% and 27%, respectively, between 2022 and 2050; fossil fuel consumption falls and renewable energy consumption rises

US emissions fall sharply across the scenarios from 2022, by 10-20% by 2030 and by 60-100% by 2050 due to the decarbonization of the power and transport sectors